Fatah leaders ‘unite’ behind Abbas

Palestinian elections

Fatah leaders ‘unite’ behind Abbas

FOLLOWING PALESTINIAN leader Yasser Arafat’s death, a new Palestinian
Authority (PA) president is to be elected on 9 January.
 Mahmood Abbas, from
Arafat’s ‘old guard’ elite, has already been appointed chairman of the PLO
(Palestine Liberation Organisation) by the PLO national council, and is now
set to be the PA president.
Jenny Brooks examines the Palestinan leaders’
manoueverings.

MAHMOOD ABBAS’S clear lead in the opinion polls has not been achieved
without infighting within Fatah, the dominant PLO faction. The popular West
Bank intifada leader, Marwan Barghouti, declared his candidature from an
Israeli prison where he is serving five life sentences, but subsequently
withdrew under huge pressure, including a threat of expulsion from Fatah.

Polls had shown Barghouti to be neck-and-neck with Abbas. One of the
trade-offs Abbas had to make to avoid such a damaging split in Fatah’s support
was to agree to hold internal elections within Fatah next August – the first
for 14 years.

Abbas is part of the ‘Tunis gang’ of Palestinian leaders who are seen as
corrupt and autocratic. He is the preferred candidate of US imperialism and
the Israeli government, having opposed the use of weapons during the intifada,
in favour of ‘moderate’ and ‘pragmatic’ negotiations.

Invasion

He has hastily distanced himself from some of Arafat’s policies, for
instance, he apologised to Kuwait for Arafat’s support for Iraq’s 1990
invasion.

While Abbas has been allowed through the many Israeli army checkpoints and
road blocks during the election campaign, other candidates have met great
obstacles. The National Democratic Initiative candidate Mustafa Barghouti, for
example, was beaten up by Israeli soldiers at a checkpoint after telling them
who he was.

There is therefore great suspicion among the Palestinian masses of what
Abbas and those around him, such as prime minister Ahmed Qurei, are going to
do. Warnings have been given against any sell-out of basic Palestinian
aspirations.

This was graphically expressed when gunmen fired shots in a mourning tent
for Arafat, killing one of Abbas’s bodyguards and a PA security officer while
shouting that Abbas is a traitor and US agent.

So Abbas is certainly not popular, his present position being due to the
decisions of the higher ranks of the PLO and Fatah and not to the attitude of
the Palestinian people. It is based on a strong mood for unity within Fatah,
driven from fear of the rise of the Islamic organisation Hamas and other
smaller parties.

Before Arafat’s death, support for Hamas was not far below that for Fatah.
Since Arafat’s death, Fatah has gained a larger lead over Hamas. For example,
a recent poll gave Fatah nearly 42%, up from 26% in June. Hamas had fallen
from 22% to 20%.

However, municipal elections – the first since 1976 – held in 26 West Bank
councils on 24 December, showed that Hamas is increasing its influence in some
areas. There were no party lists, but members of Hamas gained around 20% of
the seats, winning seven councils, compared to Fatah’s overall 65% and victory
in twelve councils. These elections were not held in Hamas’s strongest area,
the Gaza strip. The voting turnout was very high, at 81%.

Fear of rivals

The Fatah leaders are well aware of the weakness of their position,
resulting from years of failure to advance Palestinian aspirations and improve
living conditions. Although Hamas and Islamic Jihad are not standing
candidates for the presidential election, the Fatah leaders understood that
lack of unity and poor election results could further threaten their
supremacy.

The Islamic organisations want to stand in the parliamentary elections
planned for May, though these could be postponed – perhaps indefinitely – out
of fear in the PA leadership of changes in the balance of power. The US and
Israeli regimes are also concerned about the same issue.

In the face of continued brutal repression by the Israeli army, the
Palestinian population sees no other option than to continue with armed
struggle, but there is weariness and despair at the lack of progress and the
daily struggle for basic needs. This feeds some hope that, despite widespread
distrust and hatred of US imperialism and the Israeli regime, Abbas will
provide a respite, a short period of calm, as a result of his negotiating
stance and friendliness towards the imperialist powers.

But this certainly doesn’t negate the general lack of confidence in what he
will achieve. In order to win enough electoral support to secure victory,
Abbas has had to resort to leaning heavily on the legacy of Arafat as a symbol
of Palestinian struggle, using campaign posters showing himself alongside
Arafat.

He has had to reiterate allegiance to the goals of a Palestinian state with
its capital in East Jerusalem, the removal of Jewish settlements from the West
Bank and Gaza strip, the right of return of refugees and the release of the
7,000 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails. He has felt compelled to outrage
the Israeli media by saying he will do what he can to protect Palestinian
armed activists from arrest and assassination by the Israeli army.

Abbas is also being helped considerably by the Palestinian media which,
according to an Israeli journalist reporting in the newspaper Haaretz, is
"entirely in favour" of Abbas.

Working class alternative

MEANWHILE, ISRAELI prime minister Ariel Sharon is pressing on with his
unilateral ‘disengagement’ plan. But, at the time of writing, he is still
trying to pull together a new government coalition following the recent
collapse of his previous one. The new coalition, if finalised, will involve
the Labour Party, which is prepared to vote through severe budget cuts in
order to prop up Sharon’s Gaza pull-out. If the coalition talks collapse
completely, a general election will be called.

Although a major setback to the long-standing aspirations of the Israeli
ruling class, ‘disengagement’ has never been a step towards a Palestinian
state. As one of Sharon’s key advisors, Dov Weiglass, spelt out, it is in fact
aimed at preventing discussion on borders, refugees and Jerusalem, and is
aiming to place a physical barrier between Palestinian and Israeli areas in a
futile attempt to improve security and reduce military expenditure in Israel.

As preparations for the plan move on, amid threats of hard resistance from
the right-wing settlers’ movement, daily killings of Palestinians by the
Israeli army continue. These are interspersed with Palestinian reprisals, such
as the killing of five Israeli soldiers at a checkpoint on the Gaza-Egypt
border on 12 December 2004.

The ‘new’ Palestinian leadership headed by Abbas and Qurei, although viewed
as more moderate by the world capitalist powers, will come under huge pressure
from the Palestinian masses to deliver improvements and liberation from
Israeli occupation. They have very limited power to manoeuvre as the PA
economy, infrastructure and security forces have been virtually destroyed by
intense Israeli repression.

Failing to present a way forward in this situation, the days of the Fatah
‘old guard’ are numbered. Younger Fatah leaders who have developed into
leadership positions during the second intifada, such as the imprisoned Marwan
Barghouti, will come to the fore, as will new leaders from non-Fatah
organisations, including Hamas and Islamic Jihad.

However, neither the failed policies of Fatah nor those of right-wing
Islamic parties will be able to take the Palestinian struggle forward. The
development of a new democratic, secular, mass workers’ party is urgently
needed to represent the interests and aspirations of the Palestinian people.

Likewise, continuing insecurity and growing poverty for Israeli Jews will
not be ended by their present choice of pro-capitalist political leaders. A
new mass Israeli workers’ party is urgently needed to begin the task of
building a socialist future.