FOLLOWING THE ‘orange revolution’ in the Ukraine, Russia has been hit by
what has been termed the ‘cotton revolution’ (‘cotton’ refers to the poor
quality clothing worn by many pensioners). A huge wave of protests, mainly by
pensioners, has swept the country in protest at the ‘reform’ of social
security benefits.
Rob Jones, Moscow
What has made these protests significant is the speed with which the Putin
regime has been forced to make significant concessions. The militant tactics
of the demonstrators were encouraged by the pensioners from the town of Khimki
– a Moscow suburb.
They blockaded the main Moscow-St Petersburg highway – the road to the
country’s main international airport. Hundreds and sometimes thousands of
elderly in other cities have followed suit, blocking roads, laying siege to
government buildings and, in the case of the Siberian pensioners, threatening
to block the trans-Siberian railway.
The anger of the pensioners was directed at the so-called ‘monetarisation
of benefits’. Free transport and 50% reductions in housing costs for
pensioners and other categories of the population, including soldiers and
police, were abolished on 1 January to be replaced by a monetary compensation.
Typically, pensioners found that they were paid an extra 200 roubles a
month (about five euros) but their transport costs alone quickly ate up this
extra payment (a typical ticket on a bus now costs about 20 eurocents and
frequently pensioners have to change buses or trams).
The new bills for housing are due which could lead to another wave of
protests.
Perhaps the worst element of this reform has yet to hit – the change in
healthcare subsidies. These are to be removed and each pensioner paid a
standard sum – the government’s argument is that this gives pensioners the
right to chose. But there is no such thing as ‘standard healthcare’.
Concessions
PUTIN AND in particular the ‘neo-liberal’ ministers who have pushed through
this reform were forced into a corner. They tried to blame the regional
authorities for incompetence and stinginess in handing out the new payments
but many are aware that the government has been running huge budget surpluses
whilst continuing to cut back on benefits for ordinary people.
To avoid protests developing in their areas many regional authorities
announced that several of the benefits, such as free transport would be
financed from local budgets. But this was not enough to take the pressure off
the federal government.
The pension increase due for April has been brought forward and the
government has announced it will release up to $3 billion of the
‘stabilisation fund’ – money earned from the high oil price they were putting
away for a rainy day.
The reaction of Putin’s regime to the first protests were typical for what
is in reality little more than a police state – a witch-hunt was launched to
find the guilty.
In particular, an order appears to have been given to the police to pick
out anyone under 45 on the demonstrations as likely trouble makers. Activists
of Socialisticheskoye Soprotivleniye (CWI, Russia) have obviously fallen
victim of this ruling!
At the same time one of the remarkable features of the protests has been
that they have been largely spontaneous, with little involvement by any
political parties in their organization. Only as the protests spread did the
Communist Party, which is of course mainly now a party of pensioners, make any
attempt to mobilise their supporters.
Nevertheless, this does not mean that the demonstrators are not political.
Increasingly anti-Putin demands are being raised and there is a thirst for
political ideas even despite the high age of the demonstrators. Over 250
copies of the CWI paper were sold on the Khimki protests.
Renewed struggle
SIGNIFICANTLY, ALSO, there was a high awareness that 22 January is the
anniversary of the first Russian revolution (1905). There was even an attempt
to take a petition to Putin in the same way as 100 years ago the demonstrators
tried to petition the Tsar for justice, before he turned the troops on them.
Not only has monetarisation led to an undermining of Putin’s popularity
(down 20% in the last year), they have also forced concessions.
The Minister of Defence has been forced to announce that the reform of
conscription which he announced in December (which would have meant that
students lose the "postponement" of their conscription whilst they study),
will not be implemented in the near future.
The government are aware that a merging of the pensioners’ movement with
that of the students will be too much to handle.
After several years of a serious lull in protests movements of any sort, it
now appears that once again the masses are beginning to stand up for their
rights again.